Non-modifiable risk factors are,
Age
CAD incidents raise with age. Usually, atherosclerosis is rare in childhood, other than in familial hyperlipidaemia. However, atherosclerosis is frequently noticeable in young men, who are between 20 and 30 years. Atherosclerosis is common in the elderly. Therefore, ischaemic heart disease (IHD) is a typical health problem among them. About 82 % of individuals who die of CAD are 65 years or older. Being older raises the risk of endothelial damage hence the process of atherosclerosis. The heart muscle (myocardium) becomes thick or weak gradually with age, increasing the risk of CAD further. Atheromatous plaques (atheromas) in the elderly are usually complicated by calcification.
Gender
Usually, men have a higher risk of developing CAD than premenopausal women. However, after their menopause, the prevalence of atherosclerosis in women reaches that in men. Even after the menopause, women’s death rate from CAD is slightly lower compared to that of men. This gender difference is probably due to the protective effect of a female hormone called oestrogen during premenopausal period and the loss of protection after the menopause.
Race
African Americans, Native Hawaiians, Mexican Americans, American Indians, and some Asian-Americans are more prone to develop CAD than Caucasians. This difference is partly because of higher prevalence of diabetes and obesity. Usually, African-American people have higher blood pressure values than Caucasians.
Family history
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is frequently identified in several members of the same family. If an individual has a first-degree relative, who had ischaemic heart disease before the age of 50 years, his or her risk of developing CAD is higher. This is known as a positive family history for CAD and is probably due to sharing same risk factors among family members.
Related Links:
What Is Ischaemic Heart Disease?
Process of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis
Complications of Atherosclerosis
Introduction: Risk Factors of Atherosclerosis
Modifiable Risk Factors of CAD
Other Risk Factors of CAD
Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Prevention Policy
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